差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

  • 差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

  • 差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

什么是市场波动性,以及如何管理它?

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市场波动性是衡量投资风险的主要指标之一。高波动性之所以构成风险,是因为大幅波动会增加在你可能需要卖出以收回资金时发生价值损失的风险。凡是会随时间变化的对象都可以衡量波动性:股票价格、指数、共同基金。 

因此,在比较历史投资时,比较其表现和波动性就很有意义。我们希望找到在风险最低情况下表现最好的投资。Y Comparator 通过两个维度展示 Yomoni 管理组合与竞争性多元化投资基金的历史回报: 

  • 年化表现。 

  • 历史波动性。 

为什么会存在市场波动? 

首先,唯一波动性为零的资产是那些沿直线变化的资产。这类资产非常罕见!任何受供需影响的资产都必然会有波动。市场波动可以由三个因素解释: 

  • 预期收益发生变化(例如,对股票而言:未来股息低于预期)。 

  • 预期收益确定性发生变化(例如,对债券而言:无法偿还的风险上升)。 

  • 利率变化(因为利率会通过对未来现金流贴现来改变股票的当前价值)。 

  • 其中某个因素哪怕只是很小的变化,也可能引发显著的价格波动并提高波动性。 

例如,如果一家公司宣布赢得一份重要新合同,而投资者此前并未预期到,其股价可能会跳升。同样,如果一家陷入困境的公司提出了连贯的融资方案,其债券也可能回升。这是两个向上波动的例子。 

有些公司天生波动更大:它们的盈利不确定性最高。周期性公司(汽车零部件、化工、建筑等)、不盈利公司(航空公司),或增长很快但仍在亏损的公司(许多初创企业)通常最为波动。 

对于债券而言,期限越长(10年、20年、30年……),波动性通常越高。确实,即使我们知道债券到期偿还价格,也无法确定届时发行人是否仍然存在。此外,还要承受通胀可能上升的影响,这会削弱到期收回金额的实际价值。 

由于新信息的出现,当某只股票的公允价值突然被估算为 B,而其价格在 A 时,波动性会升高。A 与 B 的距离越大,价格波动越大,波动性也越高。在整个市场层面,波动性上升也可由更宏观的现象解释,例如: 

  • 可能同时影响整个行业或所有公司收益的变化(政治冲突、战争、新法规……) 

  • 某项发布让投资者意识到自己此前预期有误(如果汽车销量统计好于预期,投资者有充分理由相信汽车制造商利润会高于原先估计,因此汽车股价格应更高) 

  • 利率的意外变化。利率会通过贴现机制影响所有金融产品和房地产的价格。   

更广泛地说,不确定性与意外会在上涨和下跌两个方向上制造波动。 

如何降低投资组合波动性 

股票和加密资产通常比债券更波动,而债券通常又比货币市场更波动。活期储蓄账户波动性为零(或极低,因为其利率有时会变,但不频繁)。 

组合多只股票可以降低组合波动性:这就是为什么股票指数通常比单只股票波动更小。这正是分散化的核心吸引力!如果行业之间相关性不高(即走势不同步),并且进行地域与货币分散化,这一点会更明显。在这方面,ETF 是非常出色的金融工具,因为它们能够实现分散化。 

在投资组合层面,将股票与债券结合也可以降低波动性。同样,使用 ETF 对于以更低成本实现分散化至关重要。 

警惕过去的市场波动性 

在计算市场波动性时,我们使用的是历史数据。然而,过去表现并不能预测未来表现!这意味着过去的波动性也不能预测未来的波动性。市场波动会随时间变化。一只平稳的股票,或一个平静的市场(波动不大),也可能突然变得非常波动。这被称为波动性状态切换(volatility regime shift),这种现象让许多投资者感到意外。 

什么是隐含波动率? 

最后,还有隐含波动率。这是一个有争议的概念,因为它无法在市场中被直接测量。它反映的是这样一种想法:价格目前还不波动,但很快会波动。简化来说,这有点像 TGV 将经过一个距离巴黎一小时车程的外省城市,但我们还不知道是哪一个。房地产价格正在等待。 

它们已经小幅上涨,因为一些买家已经提前布局。但我们知道,一旦公告正式发布,被选中的城市价格将上涨 20%,而落选者将失去此前全部涨幅。此时价格就像一根即将断裂的橡皮筋:张力已经积累,一旦消息公布,就会出现大幅波动,方向可能向上也可能向下。波动尚未显现,但它是潜在的。 

我们称之为隐含波动率,是因为这种波动目前尚无法在资产价格中直接测量。但它可以在期权价格中测量,也就是针对价格波动的保护成本。在股票市场上,重大决策(例如央行利率变动)之前,波动率会先上升,随后回落。从某种意义上说,它反映了对未来波动性的预期。

在市场高波动时期应如何应对? 

作为投资者,波动可能令人害怕。有时它会让你觉得自己几乎失去全部财富;有时又会让你飘飘然,觉得自己是“石油之王”。好消息是,你不必做出反应。波动是市场的自然组成部分,试图对其做出反应往往是犯错的好方法。以下是 3 条帮助你更好承受波动行情的建议: 

  • 保持长期视角:剧烈波动是投资旅程的一部分,但长期才是关键。就像在高速公路上:打开车门盯着前方路面会让人害怕,而看向地平线则让人放松。退一步看问题,保持冷静。 

  • 分散投资:并非所有资产都会同时涨跌。分散化是降低整个投资组合所承受波动性的最佳方式。 

  • 使用定投:它能利用波动性,因为每月投入相同金额时,下跌后你会买到更多份额,上涨后则买到更少份额。 

上述内容由 TradeQuo 提供并付费,仅供一般信息参考。其不构成投资建议或专业建议,也不应被视为此类建议。在根据此类信息采取行动之前,我们建议您咨询相关专业人士。我们不为文章中提及的任何第三方背书。请勿假设本文所述的任何证券、行业或市场过去或未来都会盈利。市场和经济前景可能在不另行通知的情况下发生变化,且在此呈现时可能已过时。过往业绩并不保证未来结果,且可能存在亏损风险。历史或假设性业绩结果仅供说明之用。

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This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

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Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

深受市场信赖

2025奖项
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© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不从事任何受监管的金融或投资活动。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

深受市场信赖

2025奖项
2025奖项
2025奖项

© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不从事任何受监管的金融或投资活动。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.