差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

  • 差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

  • 差价合约(CFDs)属于复杂金融工具,由于杠杆作用,存在快速亏损的高风险。在投资之前,您应考虑自己是否了解差价合约的运作方式。

ETF 与股票:有什么区别?

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并不总是容易知道该投资什么,以及什么最适合你的情况。通过 ETF 投资和直接投资股票各有优点和缺点。下面这篇文章旨在帮助你在这两种选择之间做出决定。 

但从更根本上说,你可能会想,是否也应该投资一些高潜力股票。投资 ETF 是否比直接投资股票更好?你不应该两者都做吗?在下达第一笔股市订单之前,你提出这些问题是正确的。下面你会找到一些可供思考和比较的要素。 

简易性 

投资组合中的“条目”数量对应于你在某一时点进行的投资数量。通常,“条目”越多,跟踪起来就越复杂。你的 ETF 投资组合可以只包含一个条目(例如:World ETF),或仅包含少数几个条目(例如:分别配置欧洲、美国和新兴国家的 3 只 ETF)。 

另一方面,股票投资组合需要更多条目。常见建议是在股票组合中持有 8 到 25 个条目。你也可以考虑更少条目。毕竟,到 2020 年 9 月,Warren Buffet 的投资组合中有 2/3 仅由五家公司构成(Apple、Bank of America、Coca-Cola、American Express 和 Kraft Heinz)。但你可能并不具备 Warren Buffet 的天赋,尽管我希望你有。而且,分散不充分的投资组合会高度暴露于其中少数几家公司。 

因此,ETF 投资组合可能包含更少条目。它通常更容易跟踪。你也会花更少时间管理投资组合。另一个支持 ETF 的理由与其筛选的相对简易性有关。选择一只 ETF 相对容易。你可以“押注”欧洲、美国或其他地区。甚至可以押注特定行业或更具体的标准(“价值”vs.“成长”、“低碳经济,”…)。  

然后你再选择最好的 ETF,主要依据其管理资产规模和费用。为了追求更好的表现,一些方法会尝试随时间优化这类 ETF 选择。这就是 Easy Trend 投资组合方法。 

投资股票通常更复杂。你可以在 CAC40 的 40 家公司中进行所谓的选股(stock-picking)。但你也可以考虑巴黎证券交易所另外 600 多只可能潜力更大的股票(因为分析师关注较少)。这些公司中的大多数符合 PEA 资格。更不用说你还可以通过 PEA 投资的其他欧洲市场。所以最终,你将不得不在数百甚至数千家潜在公司中做选择。 

分散化 

正如你所知,你不应该把所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。在股市中也是一样。正如上文所述,一个良好的做法是建立一个至少包含 8 只股票的篮子。通过仅一只或少数几只 ETF 的投资组合,你就可以间接投资于数百甚至数千家公司。  

一只 MSCI World ETF 会直接或间接投资于 1500 多家公司。此外,ETF 投资组合有助于实现行业和地域分散(欧洲、美国、亚洲和拉丁美洲……)。但用股票投资组合你如何以这种方式分散呢?对于我们个人投资者来说,这不可能做到。 

对于几千欧元规模的投资组合来说,仅通过股票组合实现哪怕部分分散,在实践中也可能很复杂,因为相关股票价格较高。例如,如果你想用 1000 欧元建立一个股票组合并纳入 LVMH 股票。你将无法充分分散,因为 LVMH 股价(2021 年 2 月)在 500 欧元以上。你的组合中仅一股 LVMH 就会占到组合的 50% 以上! 

另外请注意,你无法通过股票组合把 PEA 分散到欧洲以外。因为这些股票不符合 PEA 资格,所以无法直接投资美国、中国或其他国家的股票。另一方面,你可以投资于间接复制这些非欧洲股票表现的 ETF。从全球分散化角度看,这非常有意思。 

有人可能会反对说,如果你的投资组合只有 2 或 3 只 ETF,那么相对于 Amundi、Lyxor 和 Blackrock 这样的 ETF 发行商,你并没有实现分散……这确实如此。不过,这些公司在欧洲处于领先地位,因此这一风险可以被视为次要。 

成本 

现在让我们比较这两类投资组合的成本。就年度管理费而言,股票组合有优势。它没有管理费。相比之下,如果你选择低费率 ETF,ETF 组合每年会产生 0.2% 的管理费。至于交易费,这完全取决于你如何管理投资组合。通常,股票投资者比 ETF 投资者更活跃,交易次数也更多。 

例如,假设你是股票投资者。在一年内,相比 ETF 组合,你让整个投资组合额外周转了一次。仅这一部分额外交易就可能让你多付 0.2% 的年度费用(卖出 0.1% + 买入 0.1%,按相对优化的 0.1% 交易费率计算)。  

而这将抵消“没有管理费”的优势。当然,如果你一年交易更多次,或者你的券商竞争力不强,成本会更高,甚至高得多。至于每天交易的交易者,我甚至都不打算讨论。谈到交易,还有另外两点需要考虑: 

通常,单笔交易金额越低,交易费占比越高。然而,个股投资组合的单笔交易金额更小,因为组合被分成 10、20 份或更多。这可能对股票组合不利,尤其当组合规模只有几千欧元时。 

当你买入一只股票时,买单会挂在订单簿中,而第一档买单与第一档卖单之间存在价差。这就是点差,小盘股可能为 0.1% 或高得多。与发行规模较大的 ETF 相比,这一价差在个股上往往更关键。这个因素还会进一步影响股票组合的表现。在实践中,不涉及过多技术细节地说,在订单簿中对抗这种点差进行下单并不总是那么容易。 

上述内容由 TradeQuo 提供并付费,仅供一般信息参考。其不构成投资建议或专业建议,也不应被视为此类建议。在根据此类信息采取行动之前,我们建议您咨询相关专业人士。我们不为文章中提及的任何第三方背书。请勿假设本文所述的任何证券、行业或市场过去或未来都会盈利。市场和经济前景可能在不另行通知的情况下发生变化,且在此呈现时可能已过时。过往业绩并不保证未来结果,且可能存在亏损风险。历史或假设性业绩结果仅供说明之用。

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This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

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Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

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© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不从事任何受监管的金融或投资活动。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受人们喜爱

深受市场信赖

2025奖项
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2025奖项

© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不从事任何受监管的金融或投资活动。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.