差價合約(CFD)是複雜的金融工具,並且由於槓桿作用,存在快速虧損的高度風險。在投資之前,您應該考慮自己是否了解差價合約的運作方式。

  • 差價合約(CFD)是複雜的金融工具,並且由於槓桿作用,存在快速虧損的高度風險。在投資之前,您應該考慮自己是否了解差價合約的運作方式。

  • 差價合約(CFD)是複雜的金融工具,並且由於槓桿作用,存在快速虧損的高度風險。在投資之前,您應該考慮自己是否了解差價合約的運作方式。

什麼是市場波動性,以及如何管理它?

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市場波動性是投資風險的主要衡量指標之一。高波動性是一種風險,因為大幅波動會提高在你可能需要賣出以取回資金時發生價值損失的風險。凡是會隨時間變動的事物都可以衡量波動性:股票價格、指數、共同基金。 

因此,在比較歷史投資時,比較其績效與波動性就很有意義。我們希望找到在最低風險下表現最好的投資。Y Comparator 依據兩個軸向,呈現 Yomoni 管理型投資組合與競爭性分散投資基金的歷史報酬: 

  • 年化績效。 

  • 歷史波動性。 

為什麼市場會有波動性? 

首先,唯一零波動的資產是那些沿直線移動的資產。它們非常罕見!任何受供需影響的資產都必然具有波動性。市場波動可由三個因素解釋: 

  • 預期收益的變化(例如,對股票而言:未來股利低於預期的可能性)。 

  • 預期收益確定性的變化(例如,對債券而言:無法償還的風險上升)。 

  • 利率的變化(因為利率會透過未來現金流折現,改變股票的現值)。 

  • 上述其中一項因素有時即使是很小的變化,也可能引發顯著的價格波動並提高波動性。 

例如,若某公司宣布贏得一份投資人原本未預期的重要新合約,其股價可能跳升。同樣地,若一家陷入困境的公司提出了可信的融資方案,其債券價格可能回升。這是兩個上行波動的例子。 

有些公司天生波動較大:也就是其獲利存在最多不確定性的公司。景氣循環型公司(汽車零組件、化工業、營建業等)、尚未獲利公司(航空業),或成長快速但仍虧損的公司(許多新創)通常最為波動。 

對債券而言,到期年限越長(10、20、30 年……),波動越大。的確,即使我們知道債券到期償還價格,也無法確定屆時發行人是否仍然存在。此外,還需承受通膨可能上升的影響,這會侵蝕到期回收金額的實質價值。 

由於新資訊的出現,當某檔股票的合理價值突然被估為 B,而現價在 A 時,波動性就會上升。A 與 B 距離越大,價格變動越劇烈,波動性也越高。放大到整體市場層級,波動上升可由更宏觀的現象解釋,例如: 

  • 可能同時影響整個產業或所有公司獲利的變化(政治衝突、戰爭、新法規……) 

  • 某項發布讓投資人意識到原先預期有誤(若汽車銷售統計優於預期,投資人有充分理由相信車廠利潤將高於原先估計,因此汽車股價格應更高) 

  • 利率的意外變動。利率透過折現機制影響所有金融商品與不動產價格。   

更一般而言,不確定性與意外會造成波動,無論向上或向下。 

如何降低投資組合波動性 

股票與加密資產通常比債券更波動,而債券通常又比貨幣市場更波動。活期儲蓄帳戶的波動性為零(或非常低,因為其利率偶爾會調整,但不頻繁)。 

把多檔股票組合在一起可降低投資組合波動性:這也是為何股票指數通常比單一股票波動更小。這正是分散投資的主要吸引力!若產業彼此相關性不高(也就是不會同向變動),並且有地理與幣別分散,效果更明顯。在這方面,ETF 是極佳的金融工具,因為它們可用於分散配置。 

在投資組合層級,結合股票與債券也能降低波動性。這裡同樣地,使用 ETF 對於以較低成本達成分散至關重要。 

留意過去的市場波動性 

計算市場波動性時,我們使用的是歷史資料。然而,過去績效不代表未來績效!這意味著過去的波動也無法預測未來波動。市場波動會隨時間改變。一檔原本平穩的股票,或原本平靜的市場(變化不大),都可能突然變得非常波動。這被稱為波動體制轉換(volatility regime shift),是一種讓許多投資人感到意外的現象。 

什麼是隱含波動性? 

最後,還有隱含波動性。這是一個較棘手的概念,因為它無法直接在市場中測得。它反映的是:價格目前尚未明顯波動,但很快會波動。簡單來說,這有點像 TGV 可能會經過距離巴黎一小時的某個外省城鎮,但我們還不知道是哪一個。房地產價格正在等待。 

價格已經小幅上漲,因為部分買家已先行布局。但我們也知道,一旦官方公告發布,被選中的城市價格將上漲 20%,而落選者先前的漲幅將全部回吐。此時價格就像一條即將斷裂的橡皮筋:張力已累積,一旦消息公布,就會出現大幅波動,不是向上就是向下。波動尚未顯現,但已潛伏其中。 

我們稱其為隱含波動性,因為這種波動尚未能在資產價格中測量;但它可在選擇權價格中測得,也就是對價格變動保護的價格。在股票市場,重大決策(例如央行利率變動)前,波動性會上升,之後又會下降。某種程度上,它反映了對未來波動的預期。

在市場高波動時期該如何應對? 

作為投資人,波動可能令人害怕。有時它會讓你覺得自己幾乎失去全部財富;有時又會讓你飄飄然,覺得自己像石油之王。好消息是,你不一定要做出反應。波動是市場的自然一部分,而試圖對每次波動做反應,往往是犯錯的絕佳方式。以下是 3 個更好承受波動行情的建議: 

  • 保持長期視角:劇烈震盪是旅程的一部分,但長期才是關鍵。就像在高速公路上:打開車門低頭看眼前路面很可怕,但看向遠方地平線會讓人放鬆。拉遠視角,保持冷靜。 

  • 分散投資:並非所有資產都會同時上漲或下跌。分散配置是降低整體投資組合所承受波動的最佳方法。 

  • 使用定期定額:它能利用波動的優勢,因為每月投入相同金額時,下跌後可買到更多份額,上漲後則買到較少。 

上述內容由 TradeQuo 提供並付費刊載,僅供一般資訊參考之用。其不構成投資或專業建議,亦不應被視為此類建議。在根據此類資訊採取任何行動之前,我們建議您諮詢相關專業人士。對於本文中提及的任何第三方,我們不予背書。請勿假設本文所述的任何證券、產業板塊或市場在過去或未來必然獲利。市場與經濟展望可能在未經通知的情況下變更,且在此呈現時可能已過時。過往績效不保證未來結果,且可能發生虧損。歷史或假設性績效結果僅為說明用途而發布。

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This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

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Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受大家喜愛

深受市場信賴

2025 年獎項
2025 年獎項
2025 年獎項

© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不從事任何受監管的金融或投資活動。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.

深受大家喜愛

深受市場信賴

2025 年獎項
2025 年獎項
2025 年獎項

© 2026 Trade Quo. All rights reserved.

Quo Markets LLC, registered with Financial Services Authority FSA: 3171 LLC 2024. Registered address: Suite 305, Griffith Corporate Centre, Beachmont, Kingstown, SVG.

This website provides content by group of companies, which include:

Trade Quo Global Ltd, a securities dealer firm that is authorized and regulated by the Seychelles Financial Services Authority (FSA) with license number SD140.

Tradequo (PTY) Ltd is licensed in South Africa by the Financial Sector Conduct Authority with FSP license number 54827. The registered office: 33rd Floor – 34 Whiteley Road, 2196, Johannesburg, South Africa.

TQBG Ltd, Cyprus Reg. No. HE438084, Archiepiskopou Makariou III 160, 1st Floor, 3026 Limassol, Cyprus. TQBG Ltd 不從事任何受監管的金融或投資活動。

Risk Warning: CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 72.6% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.

Regional Restrictions: This website including the information and materials contained in it, is not directed at, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of the following countries: USA, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Canada, Russia, Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, Somalia and Syria or any jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to applicable law or regulation.

TradeQuo and its affiliates do not target EU/EEA/UK clients.